HW/SW Architecture Exploration for an Efficient Implementation of the Secure Hash Algorithm SHA-256

Hash functions are used in the majority of security protocol to guarantee the integrity and the authenticity. Among the most important hash functions is the SHA-2 family, which offers higher security and solved the insecurity problems of other popular algorithms as MD5, SHA-1 and SHA-0. However, theses security algorithms are characterized by a certain amount of complex computations and consume a lot of energy. In order to reduce the power consumption as required in the majority of embedded applications, a solution consists to exploit a critical part on accelerator (hardware). In this paper, we propose a hardware/software exploration for the implementation of SHA256 algorithm. For hardware design, two principal design methods are proceeded: Low level synthesis (LLS) and high level synthesis (HLS). The exploration allows the evaluation of performances in term of area, throughput and power consumption. The synthesis results under Zynq 7000 based-FPGA reflect a significant improvement of about 80% and 15% respectively in FPGA resources and throughput for the LLS hardware design compared to HLS solution. For better efficiency, hardware IPs are deduced and implemented within HW/SW system on chip. The experiments are performed using Xilinx ZC 702-based platform. The HW/SW LLS design records a gain of 10% to 25% in term of execution time and 73% in term of power consumption

Reconstruction cohérente de l'entrée d'un banc de filtres suréchantillonnés à partir de sa sortie bruitée

International audienceIn this paper we introduce a reconstruction approach for the input signal of an oversampled filter bank (OFB) when the subbands generated at its output are quantized and transmitted over a noisy channel. We exploit the redundancy introduced by the OFB and the bounded quantization noise in order to construct a consistent estimator that corrects transmission errors. A maximum-likelihood estimation of the quantization indexes transmitted over the channel is evaluated, which only considers the vectors of quantization indexes corresponding to subband signals that could have been generated by the OFB and that are compliant with the quantization errors. Neither hypothesis tests nor specific parameters need to be set or computed in advance as is the case in approaches presented in \cite{Redinbo00,LabeauChiang2004}. When considering an OFB with oversampling ratio $3/2$, a BPSK modulation of the quantized subbands and a transmission over an AWGN channel, compared to a classical decoder, the gain is about $8$ dB in terms of reconstructed signal SNR for a channel SNR of $7$ dB

Joint source-channel coding/decoding of 3D-ESCOT bitstreams

International audienceJoint source-channel decoding (JSCD) exploits residual redundancy in compressed bitstreams to improve the robustness to transmission errors of multimedia coding schemes. This paper proposes an architecture to introduce some additional side information in compressed streams to help JSCD. This architecture exploits a reference decoder already present or introduced at the encoder side. An application to the robust decoding of 3D-ESCOT encoded bitstreams generated within the Vidwav video coder is presented. The layered bitstream generated by this encoder allows SNR scalability, and moreover, when processed by a JSCD, provides increased robustness to transmission errors compared with a single layered bitstream

Consistent Reconstruction of the Input of an Oversampled Filter Bank From Noisy Subbands

This paper introduces a reconstruction approach for the input signal of an oversampled filter bank (OFB) when the sub-bands generated at its output are quantized and transmitted over a noisy channel. This approach exploits the redundancy introduced by the OFB and the fact that the quantization noise is bounded. A maximum-likelihood estimate of the input signal is evaluated, which only considers the vectors of quantization indexes corresponding to subband signals that could have been generated by the OFB and that are compliant with the quantization errors. When considering an OFB with an oversampling ratio of 3/2 and a transmission of quantized subbands on an AWGN channel, compared to a classical decoder, the performance gains are up to 9 dB in terms of SNR for the reconstructed signal, and 3 dB in terms of channel SNR.Comment: European Signal Processing Conference (2011

EXPLOITING PARTIALLY RECONFIGURABLE FPGA FOR PERFORMANCE ADJUSTMENT IN THE RVC FRAMEWORK

International audienceIn this paper, we present a method to implement a specific algorithm using the RVC framework and the dynamic partial reconfiguration (DPR). The DPR is a technique allowing to replace modules in a design at run-time. While, the RVC framework is based on the use a specific language for writing dataflow models called RVC-CAL. The studied algorithm is a Hadamard transform. Several dataflow models of the Hadamard transform can be used in the design process in order to favor speed or power consumption. We show the steps required to implement and switch between two dataflow models (a sequential model and a pipelined model) of the Hadamard transform. Our design allows to user to choose one of two architectures according her requirements of low power and high speed

Contamination métallique issue des déchets de l'ancien site minier de Jebel Ressas : modélisation des mécanismes de transfert et conception de cartes d'aléa post-mine dans un contexte carbonaté et sous un climat semi-aride : évaluation du risque pour la santé humaine

Une approche pluridisciplinaire intégrée a été proposée pour étudier le transfert de la contamination métallique depuis les déchets de l'ancien site minier à Pb-Zn de Jebel Ressas, jusqu'à l'être humain. Nous avons pris en considération à la fois les caractéristiques physico-chimiques de la source, les conditions climatiques et la topographie pour hiérarchiser les vecteurs de la dispersion des métaux à partir des déchets de laverie de l'ancienne mine de Jebel Ressas. Le vecteur éolien est le principal agent capable de disperser les métaux dans toutes les directions, avec des quantités variables pouvant dépasser les normes de la qualité des l'air pour Pb et Cd sur plusieurs centaines de mètres loin de la source. Le transfert hydrique particulaire est assez limité à cause de la topographie douce au tour des terrils de déchets. Le transfert en solution est négligeable grâce à l'environnement carbonaté. L'investigation sur le risque des métaux pour la santé humaine au village de Jebel Ressas montre d'abord que, d'une part l'environnement carbonaté et d'autre part le pH neutre des fluides physiologiques dans le corps humain, limitent le passage en solution des métaux et leurs quantités bioaccessibles. Toutefois, Pb et Cd présentent un risque surtout pour les enfants en plus d'un effet cancérigène probable pour toute la population.An integrated multidisciplinary method was proposed to study the transfer of metallic contamination from the waste of the old mining site (Pb-Zn) of Jebel Ressas, to Humans. We considered the physico-chemical characteristics of the source, the climate conditions and the topography to rank the dispersion vectors of metals from the treatment wastes to the environment. The wind is the main agent of scattering metals in all directions, with variable quantities which may exceed the standards of air quality for Pb and Cd up to several hundreds of meters far from the source. The particle hydric transfer is limited because of the soft topography around the waste dumps. The transfer in solution is negligible thanks to the carbonated environment. The risk assessment for human health at the village of Jebel Ressas show that carbonated environment and the neutral pH of physiological fluids in the body, limits metals dissolution and their bioaccessible amounts. However, Pb and Cd may induce a risk especially for children as well as a probable carcinogenic for the entire population

MAP estimation of the input of an oversampled filter bank from noisy subbands by belief propagation

International audienceOversampled filter banks perform simultaneously subband decomposition and redundancy introduction. This redundancy has been shown to be useful to combat channel impairments, when the subbands are transmitted over a wireless channel, as well as quantization noise. This paper describes an implementation of the maximum \emph{a posteriori} and the minimum mean-square error (MMSE) estimators of the input signal from the noisy quantized subbands obtained at the output of some transmission channel. The relations between the input samples and the noisy subband samples are described using a factor graph. Belief propagation is then applied to get the posterior marginals of the input samples. The experimental results show that when the channel is clear, a linear MMSE estimate is satisfying. But, the proposed approaches perform significantly better than a reconstruction using the linear MMSE estimator when the channel is noisy: a gain in terms of channel SNR of more than $2$~dB is observed

A HIERARCHICAL IMPLEMENTATION OF HADAMARD TRANSFORM USING RVC-CAL DATAFLOW PROGRAMMING AND DYNAMIC PARTIAL RECONFIGURATION

International audienceThis paper presents an efficient design method used to implement a hierarchical architecture of Hadamard transform module. The proposed design method is based on the use of RVCCAL dataflow approach and dynamic partial reconfiguration technique (DPR). The DPR technique allows reconfiguring a part of the FPGA area with different functionalities at runtime. It is a promising solution to increase performance in the system. RVC-CAL is a specific language for writing dataflow models which is introduced by MPEG-RVC video standard. RVC-CAL description is composed of a set of interconnected blocks (actors). Several dataflow models of the same application can be used in the design process. In this work, the hierarchical architecture of Hadamard module is composed of three levels. And each one contains a set of blocks. The DPR is applied between these blocks to switch from level to another. To achieve this implementation, in the first, the Hadamard blocks are described in RVC-CAL language and a specific RVC-CAL tool is used to generate automatically their hardware description. Then, the DPR design flow is applied. In our design method, we use xilinx tools and Virtex-5 FPGA board. To evaluate our implementation, we compare its with two other architectures in terms of area occupation, power consumption and execution time

ROBUST DECODING OF A 3D-ESCOT BITSTREAM TRANSMITTED OVER A NOISY CHANNEL

International audienceIn this paper, we propose a joint source-channel (JSC) decoding scheme for 3D ESCOT-based video coders, such as Vidwav. The embedded bitstream generated by such coders is very sensitive to transmission errors unavoidable on wireless channels. The proposed JSC decoder employs the residual redundancy left in the bitstream by the source coder combined with bit reliability information provided by the channel or channel decoder to correct transmission errors. When considering an AWGN channel, the performance gains are in average 4 dB in terms of PSNR of the reconstructed frames, and 0.7 dB in terms of channel SNR. When considering individual frames, the obtained gain is up to 15 dB in PSNR

Software Defined Radio Equipment: What's the Best Design Approach to Reduce Power Consumption and Increase Reconfigurability ?

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